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Gamblin Artists' Oil Color, Flake White Replacement is the leanest of the Gamblin whites. This is the best under painting white. Robert formulated this to give painters an opportunity to enjoy the unique working properties of lead without using a toxic material in their studios. Industrial use of lead pigment has been banned in North America and Europe because it is toxic to the environment and causes chronic illness in human beings. Flake White Replacement matches the working properties of Flake White using a blend of Titanium and other white pigments, and carefully controlling the pigment load in the binder. This is the first true non-toxic alternative to Flake White. The Flake White Replacement project evolved from a request by a prominent painter for Lead White. Robert explained to him that too much folklore surrounds the use of Flake (Lead) White. Artists did not choose to use Flake White! They had no choice. Until Titanium dioxide was produced in 1920, Flake White was the only white pigment commonly available to painters. Compared with Titanium White, Flake White has less "reducing power." It is less opaque. The painter realizing that he was not interested in using lead, he was only interested in the working properties of Flake White, he asked, "Can you make me Flake White's working properties without using lead?" Challenged, Robert tested all the Flake White oil colors on the market and found that there were tremendous differences between them. So to replicate Flake White, Robert matched the working properties that are generally considered typical of Lead White: warm in color, a dense paste with a long and "ropey" quality and unique look to the impasto stroke. The beautiful opalescent quality of Flake White is of special interest to portrait painters. Flake White Replacement: All the working properties of Flake White: long ropy stroke, warm color, translucency and short brush mark. CONTAINS NO LEAD and does not dry as quickly. Conservators have demonstrated that the fast dry time of Flake White contributes to the cracking of oil painting over time. Pigment: Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide (PW 6, PW 4), Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil, Lightfastness I, Series 1, Opaque
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